Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1378 Words

Out of all the theories that we have learned in class the one theory, I think that connects to us as humans the most would be theory 3: Psychoanalysis. I found this theory very interesting. Sigmund Freud started the study of psychoanalysis, stating that talking about how you feel is true psychoanalysis, also known as talk therapy. Back in the 1800’s, this was known as â€Å"cleaning the chimney† or â€Å"chimney sweeping†. Freud said there are three levels of the psyche, and when remembering them think of an ice burg. The first level being conscious, or the top of the ice burg, the second is the preconscious or the part of the ice burg that is touching the water, and the last level is the unconscious or the part of the ice burg that can’t be seen.†¦show more content†¦The ego meaning â€Å"I,† it is roughly equivalent to our identity. The ego sometimes is referred to as the â€Å"executive function† Freud describes the ego as drawing power from the Id, but controls it. Having good ego strength means you’re in control. The last part of the psyche that Freud describes is the superego, â€Å"super† meaning above, is the â€Å"supervisor† of the psyche. The superego makes value judgments about our behavior. In a sense, it’s like the parental values in the unconscious. With Freud believing that the Id was the source of childish thoughts, and feelings many that are considered unacceptable to the ego. Painful memories or â€Å"unacceptable† thoughts from the Id would make the mind go in spirals and turn away from the problem, as a result in 1925 Freud named this process repression. Repression is when you push things under the surface or simply turn away When repression occurs the conscious mind is spared of discomfort. Repression goes under the category of defense mechanisms. In order to access the unconscious, we use defense mechanisms to get there. Defense mechanisms such as projection, displacement, repression, denial, regression, and rationalization. Psychoanalysis doesn’t stop there, there is something called the collective unconscious, a term used by Carl Jung. The collective analysis refers to the conscious mind. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious isShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These compon ents include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have thei r own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this idea

Volunteering At The Sacramento Public Library - 1500 Words

It is once said that â€Å"A library is not a luxury but one of the necessities of life†- Henry Ward Beecher. This quote has proven to be true as I volunteered at the Sacramento Public library. Volunteering at the Sacramento Public Library led me to various work experience, and I see it as one of the most important necessities of life, especially for education. At the library, I learned to work around for my social skills as I helped others when in need, I learned to always be punctual, or sometimes early to be on time. Though, what I loved doing most in the library was reading to little children, and what shocked me most was that we could plan and host events in the community room that was just on the outskirts of the library. Since then, I wondered what other benefits the library has to offer us. It is well known that the library bids us thousands of book each day, but have you ever wondered if they had anything special that would interest us in reading? Volunteering at the library, there were many things the library had to offer for our interest that very few knew about. For example, there are scheduled reading out loud to children everyday, or the fact that they have a senior teaching day every saturday. Senior Teaching day is where high school volunteers help elders use the basics of computers, or any help they might need on the internet. According to the Article, â€Å"Semantic–Syntactic Partial Word Knowledge Growth Through Reading,† children from third to ninth grade,Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmanufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. JudgeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesby manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and

Key Dimensions Free Essays

It is a matter of fact that change is essential and inevitable part of the modern society and it significance is really dominant and great. Every public and private companies/organizations are subjected to rapid and frequent changes, because the world changes as well. A location and size of company doesn’t matter. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Dimensions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Simply saying, it is practically impossible for the company to avoid changes, because they are phenomena which are universally accepted. Modern managers are working on finding ways how to staff a sense of control over changing situations. Actually resistance to change doesn’t mean that that the staff is against them, it means that they object only the way the changes are implemented. (Organizational Change 2006) Staff resists to changes simply because the reason for the change is unclear for them. Negative reactions can be caused by, for example, by ambiguity in jobs, costs and equipment.   The next reason is that staff wasn’t consulted about the possible changes and they appear to be an accomplished fact. It means that employees are willing to know what is going on in organization, especially if their jobs may be affected. The third reason of resistance is when the possible changes may threaten the existing patterns of working relationships between employees. People resist to changes also when they are not satisfied with personnel, monies and timetables or when the benefits for introducing changes are inadequate for the involved trouble. Especially staff is against changes when their power or status in organization is affected. Therefore, managers should tactfully introduce changes so that the majority of employees will be satisfied.(Rosenberg 20) The most important task for managers is to make their firms learning organizations. There are many tactics and approaches, but the most proper approach is to teach the staff well providing relevant stimuli for such learning. Different teaching and education programs may be successfully implemented. Also bonuses and personal approvals are allowed. Employees actually should be highly motivated. (Yerkes 462) Innovations are very important if the firm/organization wants to remain competitive in modern environment. Innovation is introduction of new methods and things with a definite purpose to improve the organization’s performance. Innovation is combination of knowledge applied to new service, processes and products. Organizational innovation involves creative ideas in order to make â€Å"tangible difference in the domain in which the innovation occurs†. (Hyde 64) Innovation is characterized by the following issues: relative advantage meaning that innovations have to produce significant improvements to be adapted; simplicity meaning that innovation should be easily understood and presented; inexpensiveness; easy to try meaning that new method should be easily introduced and abandoned if necessary; easy to measure meaning that benefits such as time, efficiency and money should be easily calculated.(Hyde 64) It is apparent that stresses are also inevitable part in each organization. There are many potential sources of stress within organizational structure. For example, organization size may be a stressor.   Large organizations sometimes cause the sense of helplessness among employees. The next source is technology used by an organization for products or service production. Design of organization may negatively affect employees creating the sense of being controlled as a machine. The additional stress sources are personal conflicts, job design and work roles. (Laurus 773) It is known that stresses have negative results as they are the reasons of high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, stomach ulcers and heart attacks. Stress results also in depressions and anxieties as well as sleeplessness may worsen cognitive functioning. In the result a person may lose concentration and confidence in decision-making. There are many ways to manage stress such as, for example, altering stressors themselves, altering moderators of the stressors, lessening individual’s responses and alleviating the stress consequences. Organization can manage stress by providing support services, conflict resolution and cognitive therapy. (Kahn et al. 99) References Adaptation to change (2006) Bitpipe White papers online, Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.bitpipe.com/rlist/term/Change-Management.html?psrc=RTP. Hyde, A.C. (2002) Understanding Innovation in Management. The Public Manager, 31, 3, 64.   James Morrison, Ian Wilson. (1996) The Strategic Management Response to the Challenge of Global Change, Strategic Management, 7, 3, 25-27. Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, R.P., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley, 98-102. Lazarus, R.S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and Adaptational Outcomes: The Problems of Confounded Measures.   American Psychologist, 40, 770-779. Organizational change management (2006) Journal of Organizational Change Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/info/journals/jocm/jocm.jsp Rosenberg, Deanne. (1993, January) Eliminating Resistance to Change. Security Management, 37, 1, 20-23. Yerkes, R.M. Dodson, J.D. (1988). The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482. How to cite Key Dimensions, Essay examples

An Analysis of The Beverage Market

Question: Describe about An Analysis of The Beverage Market. Answer: Introduction This paper analyses the data collected from a survey carried out at La Trobe University. As a result, our aim is to try to understand the demand of beverages by students in the university. The survey was conducted on all the BUS1BAN students and they respondent to the survey questionnaire online. The paper then conducts an analysis of the data obtained according to the provided excel spreadsheet by simple random sampling procedure where the data from cells A3 to cell Z554 was selected and by going to Data, we selected sort by random number a step that changed the order of the responses recorded. 100 responses were selected for our working sample and copied on a different spreadsheet. Data Analysis Section A: Basic Analysis Out of the 100 samples selected for sampling, 90 of the students were local, and 10 are international students. Hence, 90% of the sample comprises local students, and 10% comprises of international students. According to the data collected, more students demand the beverages when their prices are lower. This brings us to a conclusion that, the less elevated the prices, the more the demand and as the prices decrease the demand becomes lower. Based on the random samples selected, more students have milk and water drinks (others) as their first preference meaning that this is the most popular beverage. On the other hand, most students have placed energy drinks as their last preference (5) hence making this the least popular beverage. The prices of the beverages tend to affect the preferences since students indicate that if the prices of the second preferences were lower than the first preference. According to the student responses, more students would change their first preferences to t he second best preference in case the price of the second preference was lower by 60% and with a notable change in the price of the second option by 25% less, fewer students are likely to change their first preference for the second. Hence, the higher the price difference, the more the shift to the cheaper beverage and vice versa. Section B: The behavior of local students versus the International Students There is no significant difference in the price to quantity relationship on the international students and the local students in the sample obtained. All the students would buy less when the prices are highest and buy more when the prices are lower. Some of the students buy more beverages when the prices are moderate and not very low. Most of the international students have tea/coffee as their first preference making this beverage the most popular while most students have energy drinks as their last preference hence making this beverage the least popular among the international students. The local students, on the other hand, have the least preference for energy drinks hence making this as the least popular beverage, and most of these students have water/milk (other) as their first preference hence making this the most popular beverage among the local students. The prices of the beverages influence the choices of the local students more than for the international students though most of the students from both groups would opt for the second preference if its price were lower than that of the first preference by a certain percentage (40% and 60% mostly). Both groups follow the law of demand that states that the most elevated the prices, the less the demand for the goods in question and the less elevated the prices, the higher the demand. Section C: Advance scenarios Since the population size is 100 students and it comprises of two samples (local and international students), the mean of the population is 50. There are 90 local students (x) and 10 international students (y). The interval estimate will be x50 and y Of the sample selected randomly, 14 students would have a soft drink (Coke, Pepsi, etc.) as their first preference out of the 100 students. Assuming that the student selected is x, then the interval estimate is x Of the fourteen students who chose soft drink as their first preference, 3 of them chose tea/coffee as their second preference. Hence, the interval estimate based on the mean of 14, if x 14% of the students chosen for the random sampling prefer soft drinks over the other beverages. The paper hypothesizes that more than 25% of the students at La Trobe prefer soft drinks. Hence, HO; there is no significant difference between the value hypothesized and the statistical value. HA; there is a significant difference between the hypothesized value and the statistical value. Following a normal distribution, the level of significance will be 1%, 5%, and 10% Degrees of freedom= 5-1= 4 Experiments degree of freedom; x2= (14-25)2/ 25 4.84 The P value is between 0.1 and 0.9 Hence, this means that the value is not below 0.1 hence we reject the hypothesis measured at a significant level of 1% and that of 5% and accept the one tested at 10% Suppose a total of 20,000 students (10000 local and 10000 international) attend La Trobe University every week. The university expects this number to increase by 25,000 next year (comprising of 10,000 local and 15,000 International students), then the preferred beverage for the international students will have an increased demand and so will the overall demand for the beverages. Since according to the results most international students prefer tea/coffee, the consumption of this beverage will be higher than for the rest of the beverages. Summary According to the data obtained from the simple random sampling, it is clear that the local students prefer water or milk, and this is the most popular beverage while the least preferred beverage among the local students is energy drinks. The international students also prefer energy drinks the least and mostly consume tea or coffee as their most popular beverage. On overall, all the students prefer energy drinks the least. All the students are likely to change their preferences according to the prices of the beverages since they are all driven by the law of demand which states that the demand is higher when the prices are low. Random sampling may have increased the accuracy, but there is the issue of less international students having been involved in the survey hence making their responses less reliable in the analysis unlike a large number of the local students interviewed.